Thesis
Hydra X · Investor presentation

Technology and licensed services for tokenised capital markets

v1.12Updated 14 October 2026Confidential
Hydra X01 / 14

Hydra X helps financial institutions move from traditional to tokenised capital markets

Hydra X believes tokenisation will become the standard format of the capital markets, as electronic book-entry replaced paper certificates a generation ago.

Three formats of the capital markets, and two ways to use Hydra XExhibit 1
Paper certificates
The original format
Electronic book-entry
Replaced paper a generation ago
Tokenised assets
The standard Hydra X expects next
Hydra X
1Install the technology

The institution installs Hydra X's technology and handles tokenised assets itself.

2Appoint Hydra X

Hydra X runs custody, distribution, and trading for the institution under its own licences.

US$8.8m
Revenue in 2025
US$1.5bn
Assets in custody [as at date]
1.44x
Revenue since inception, against capital raised
DBSOCBC
Run Hydra X's technology in production [replace with logos]
Source: Hydra X. Custody figure as at [date].
Size and timing

US$3tn to US$10tn

Morgan Stanley's head of digital asset strategy, on the value of tokenised real-world assets by 2030.

“We'll definitely be within that range without question.”

Amy Oldenburg, Morgan Stanley, to The Block, 12 October 2026
US$38.6bn
Tokenised real-world assets today, excluding stablecoins (rwa.xyz, 1 October 2026)
End of October 2026
DTCC's Tokenization Service is due to launch

Morgan Stanley Research's published base case is US$2.3tn by 2030 (October 2026). The range quoted is Ms Oldenburg's.

The problem02 / 14

Banks and exchanges spend [18 to 24] months in pilot before they can offer tokenised assets, because every stage of an asset's life needs new technology and new controls

Most of an institution's operations remain off-chain, so its tokenised assets must also connect to the custody, cash, and reporting systems it already runs.

Path from pilot to production for a bank or exchangeExhibit 2
Pilot[18 to 24] monthsProduction
1Before the trade
  • Issue the tokens
  • Distribute them to approved investors
Approval gate[months]Compliance, risk, operations, technology
2At the trade
  • Run a venue that matches and settles trades
Approval gate[months]Compliance, risk, operations, technology
3After the trade
  • Hold keys and wallets in custody
  • Connect each settlement to cash in existing systems
Approval gate[months]Compliance, risk, operations, technology
RegulatorReviews the institution's operating model as a whole
Two ways to reach production sooner
(a) InstallTechnology already approved at other institutions
(b) AppointA licensed operator for the hardest stages, while the institution builds its own capability
One integration per network
CantonBuild and maintain
BesuBuild and maintain
EthereumBuild and maintain
Each network addedBuild and maintain
Source: [supply a pilot-to-production figure from Hydra X's engagements].
Why now03 / 14

DTCC's Tokenization Service and Southeast Asia's new licensing regimes have set a timetable for the region's move to tokenised markets, and many of its institutions are still in pilot

Southeast Asian banks hold US securities for their clients through global custodians, so those clients could ask their banks for the tokenised versions.

DTCC and Southeast Asia's regulators have set dates for tokenised marketsExhibit 3
30+
Firms took part in DTCC's production trades in tokenised DTC-held securities on 15 July 2026, run on two networks, Besu and Canton.
Due to launch
End of October 2026
DTCC Tokenization Service
Global eventsSoutheast Asian events
14 Nov 2025
MAS Guide on the Tokenisation of Capital Markets Products
11 Dec 2025
SEC three-year no-action letter to DTC
Jan 2026
Vietnam opens licensing of digital asset exchanges
15 Jul 2026
DTCC production trades in tokenised DTC-held securities
4 Sep 2026
Korea FSC three-stage plan
Oct 2026
DTCC Tokenization Service launchDue
Q4 2026
Bursa Malaysia roadmap
2026 to 2028
Thailand SEC plan for tokenised securities
[Date to confirm]
Indonesia OJK tokenisation regulation [confirm whether issued]
Sources: DTCC; US SEC; MAS; Korea Financial Services Commission; SEC Thailand; Bursa Malaysia; OJK [add full citations before sending].
Scale

Tokenised assets are about one-hundredth of one per cent of the world's listed securities.

Hydra X builds for regulated securities markets, which are more than a hundred times the size of the crypto market.

1
2
3
4
5
US$38.6bn of tokenised real-world assets, shown as the dot at the end of the row
1
US$318.5tn
Listed equities and bonds
SIFMA Capital Markets Fact Book 2026, end-2025
2
US$147tn
Global assets under management
BCG Global Asset Management 2026, end-2025
3
US$[X]tn
Alternative assets
[confirm current Preqin figure]; drawn indicatively until confirmed
4
US$[2.5]tn
Crypto
[confirm on the build date]
5
US$38.6bn
Tokenised real-world assets
rwa.xyz, 1 October 2026

Circles are sized by area. The categories overlap, so the circles sit side by side; nesting them would imply that each is a subset of the next.

The market04 / 14

Southeast Asia's [N] exchanges, CSDs, and clearing houses and its [M] banks hold US$[X]tn of securities, and tokenised assets make up [a fraction of one per cent] of that total today

Hydra X sizes its market from the bottom up, by counting the institutions it can serve and what each would pay.

Bottom-up build of Hydra X's serviceable market in Southeast AsiaExhibit 4
Exchanges, CSDs, and clearing houses
[N] institutions at US$[A]m a year
Banks
[M] banks at US$[B]m a year
Fees on assets held
US$[ ]m a year
Sales to existing clients
US$[ ]m a year
Serviceable market
US$[X]m a year

Bar heights are indicative until the figures are supplied.

Published forecasts range from US$2.3tn (Morgan Stanley Research, October 2026) to US$14tn (BCG, An Imperative for Growth, April 2026, excluding real estate and stablecoins) of tokenised assets by 2030. Both are measured on global bases wider than Hydra X's market.
A repeated problem

From Southeast Asia to the Gulf and Africa, governments are tokenising their capital markets to draw in international investors.

Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is the world's fifth-largest economy, on course to become the fourth by 2030 (ASEAN Economic Community Strategic Plan 2026 to 2030). Vietnam began licensing digital asset exchanges in January 2026.

The Gulf

HSBC launched its Tokenised Deposit Service in the UAE on 22 June 2026, and ADGM's regulator granted Coinbase permission for a tokenised securities hub in August 2026.

Africa

Nigeria's SEC approved trading in tokenised shares and bonds on the NASD OTC Securities Exchange in 2026, and the Nairobi Securities Exchange plans a regulated platform for tokenised assets.

Hydra X can supply each country's national venue as plug-and-play technology, and its licensed platform in Southeast Asia can connect that venue to international investors.

Our business model05 / 14

Hydra X runs both halves of a market infrastructure business, market technology and market services, as exchange groups such as Nasdaq do

Hydra X earns implementation and platform fees from market technology, and custody, distribution, and trading fees from market services on the assets it holds and moves.

Hydra X's two business lines span every stage of a tokenised asset's lifeExhibit 5
Market technology
The client receives

Technology it installs in its own environment and runs under its own licence

Hydra X is paid

Implementation fees and platform fees

Market services
The client receives

Custody, distribution, and trading by Hydra X under its own licences, including its licensed venue for private markets

Hydra X is paid

Custody, distribution, and trading fees on the assets it holds and moves

Stages of a tokenised asset's life
IssueDistributeTradeHoldSettle
Tokenised bonds · Funds · Stablecoins · Crypto
Precedent

Nasdaq runs its own markets, the equivalent of market services, and sells trading technology to [more than 130] other market operators, the equivalent of market technology.

Why the model matters06 / 14

Hydra X can serve every institution, whether it builds or outsources, so it can build the shared infrastructure that connects Southeast Asia's tokenised markets

In traditional markets, exchanges and depositories run shared infrastructure and earn on activity across the whole market. Institutions rarely replace them once they have built their operations around them.

Southeast Asia's markets connected through one Hydra X layerExhibit 6
Singapore
ExchangeBanksCustodians
Live connections
Malaysia
ExchangeBanksCustodians
Illustrative
Thailand
ExchangeBanksCustodians
Illustrative
Vietnam
ExchangeBanksCustodians
Illustrative
Indonesia
ExchangeBanksCustodians
Illustrative
Hydra XTechnology and licensed services, shared across connected institutions
International investors
Live connectionProspective connection, illustrativeInstitution type with a live connection
Schematic, not to scale. Live connections in Singapore are with two banks and a MAS-recognised exchange.
Compliance

Institutions will move at the pace their regulators allow.

“Have asset-backed tokens achieved escape velocity? Not yet.”

Chia Der Jiun, Managing Director, Monetary Authority of Singapore, Singapore FinTech Festival, 13 November 2025
MAS
supervises Hydra X's technology in production today
Market technology07 / 14

Hydra X's technology runs in production at every stage of a tokenised asset's life and across asset classes, from bonds and funds to stablecoins and crypto

MAS supervises Hydra X's technology in production. Two of Singapore's largest banks and a MAS-recognised exchange each reviewed the technology before signing.

Hydra X's technology sits between an institution's systems and the networksExhibit 7
The institution's existing systems
Core bankingCustodyReportingClient channels
Adapters
Hydra X's technology
Issuance and distribution
Trading
Custody
Settlement
Asset classesSecuritiesFundsCommoditiesStablecoinsCrypto[confirm the list in production]
Market connectivity
Networks
[Canton][Redbelly]Further networksSettlement across networks
Drawn in outline: funded by the raise
ISO 27001ISO 27017ISO 27018SOC 2Supervised in production by MAS
Market services08 / 14

Hydra X runs its market services under licences for securities and for digital payment tokens, so it can handle every class of tokenised asset as investors combine them

Hydra X expects investors to hold and trade tokenised assets of different classes together. It has assembled its licences so that each asset in a trade goes to an entity licensed to handle it.

Licences by jurisdiction and asset classExhibit 8
SingaporeMonetary Authority of Singapore
LabuanLabuan Financial Services Authority
MalaysiaSecurities Commission Malaysia, held by an affiliate
Securities
Recognised Market OperatorCapital Markets Services licence, dealingCapital Markets Services licence, custody
Digital payment tokens and stablecoins
Payment Services Act licence: application in progress
Digital exchangePayment system operator
Digital custodian [confirm wording]
Illustration
Tokenised structured productHeld by the Singapore entity
Stablecoin payment and crypto settlementHeld by the Labuan and Malaysian entities
Both legs released together
How Hydra X differs09 / 14

Hydra X is the only firm in Southeast Asia that runs both market technology and market services across the whole life of a tokenised asset, and each regional peer runs one half

Hydra X assembled market technology and market services over eight years. A peer starting today would need to add the half it lacks.

Regional players by what they supplyExhibit 9
Operates under licence in Southeast Asia
Operators
Licensed, with technology built for their own business
Zodia CustodyAnchorageHex TrustADDXInvestaXDigiFTMarketnode
Both
Licensed, with technology clients install
Hydra X
Neither
 
Vendors
Technology clients install, with no operating licence in the region
TaurusRipple MetacoFireblocksSecuritizeTokeny
Supplies technology that clients install

Network builders (Digital Asset, Redbelly, R3) supply and partner with Hydra X, and sit outside this comparison.

PlayerLicences held
OSLOperating a virtual asset trading platformDealing in securities and automated trading services
MarketnodeNone shown
DigiFTRecognised Market OperatorCMS licence, dealing
InvestaXRecognised Market OperatorCMS licence, dealing
SDAXRecognised Market OperatorCMS licence, dealing
AsiaNextRecognised Market OperatorCMS licence, dealingCMS licence, custody
ADDXRecognised Market OperatorCMS licence, dealingCMS licence, custody
Hydra XRecognised Market OperatorCMS licence, dealingCMS licence, custodyLabuan digital exchangeLabuan payment system operatorMalaysian digital custodian, through an affiliate
Source: company deck v0.97, slide 20, with Hydra X's Malaysian entry corrected to the affiliate. CMS: Capital Markets Services. [Confirm peer licences and as-at date.]
How the two lines work together10 / 14

Each half of Hydra X's business brings clients to the other, so a client can start with one half and add the other

Hydra X earns market technology fees at deployment and in each year after. It earns market services fees on the assets clients hold and trade, so those fees rise as clients' tokenised assets grow.

Services each client takes from Hydra XExhibit 10
ClientTokenisationTechnologyCustodyDistribution
DBS✓✓
OCBC✓✓
SDAX✓✓✓
[ALKN]✓✓
SBI✓
US$1.5bn
In custody at [date]
US$3bn
Of issuances supported
US$10.5bn
Of trades across 700,000 transactions on client platforms since [year]
Source: Hydra X. [Add as-at dates for volume figures.]
Financial performance11 / 14

Hydra X grew revenue from US$0.6m in 2020 to US$8.8m in 2025, and recurring revenue rose to 48% of the total in 2024

Revenue has grown every year since 2020, at a compound rate of [71%, confirm].

Revenue, US$m, 2020 to 2030Exhibit 11
YearRecurring shareProfit or loss, US$m
0.6
2020
[ ]
1.67
2021
[ ]
2.91
2022
[ ]
4.64
2023
35%
[ ]
5.56
2024
48%
[ ]
8.8
2025
[ ]%
[(0.86)]
9.8
2026
[ ]
14.6
2027
[ ]
28
2028
[ ]
61.1
2029
[ ]
95.7
2030
[ ]
ActualProjected (2026) and estimated (2027 to 2030)

[Split each column by market technology and market services, from company deck v0.97, slide 18.]

Source: Hydra X; company deck v0.97, slide 18. Recurring share for 2025 and profit or loss for each year to be supplied.
Capital efficiency12 / 14

Hydra X's revenue since inception is 1.44 times the capital it has raised, against 0.34 times or less for regional peers

Hydra X has earned US$24.2m of revenue since 2020, against US$[16.8]m of funding.

Valuation and capital efficiency against regional peersExhibit 12
Price to sales
OSL35x
Marketnode1,460x
DigiFT76x
InvestaX225x
SDAX106x
AsiaNext316x
ADDX312x
Hydra X23x

Marketnode's bar is cut at 400x.

Revenue to funding
Marketnode0.003x
DigiFT0.0204x
InvestaX0.3433x
SDAX0.045x
AsiaNext0.003x
ADDX0.024x
Hydra X1.44x
Cumulative revenue against years in operation, US$m
010203013579111315Peer growth rateMarketnodeAsiaNextDigiFTSDAXADDXInvestaXHydra XYears in operation
Source: company deck v0.97, slides 19 and 20. Hydra X's price to sales is at US$200m pre-money against 2025 revenue. Peer positions on the lower chart are read from that slide. [State the basis, source, and as-at date for every peer figure.]
Team and timing13 / 14

Hydra X's team has built the technology and obtained the licences, so new capital would fund the sales and delivery capacity needed to entrench Hydra X's position

Founder-market fit rests on experience of operating in capital markets and on access to regulators.

Leadership, board, and planned hiresExhibit 13
Chief Executive Officer
Daryl Low
Previously SGX and Rajah & Tann
Chief Operating Officer
Wee Hao Ng
Previously Citi
VP Dealing
[Name, confirm]
Previously head of clearing and trading, SGX
Director
Mah Bow Tan
Former Singapore cabinet minister
Director
Nasser Ismail
Formerly SGX's head of equity capital markets and issuer regulation
Headcount
Now[X]
Planned[Y]
Named hires: [chief technology officer] and [head of institutional sales]
[Confirm board seats.] Headcount bar lengths are indicative until the figures are supplied.
The raise14 / 14

US$20m would take Hydra X to the national exchanges, CSDs, and clearing houses at the top of each market, in Southeast Asia and beyond

Hydra X is raising US$20m of equity at a pre-money valuation of US$200m. The process closes on [date].

Use of proceeds and target segmentsExhibit 14
Product[%]
Sales and market entry[%]
Regulatory capital[%]
Delivery[%]

[Reconcile company deck v0.97's 15, 35, 15, and 35 with v1.1's 40, 20, 20, and 20.] Segments are drawn equal until reconciled.

Target segmentsNational exchangesCSDsClearing houses
RegionsSoutheast AsiaBeyond Southeast Asia
End of runway[supply one outcome an investor could check, such as national mandates signed]